Ankle Osteoarthritis / Osteoartrite do tornozelo

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by a chronic, progressive and irreversible degradation of the joint surface associated with joint inflammation. The main etiology of ankle OA is post-traumatic and its prevalence is higher among young and obese people. Despite advances in the treatment of fractures around the ankle, the overall risk of developing posttraumatic ankle OA after 20 years is almost 40%, especially in Weber type B and C bimalleolar fractures and in fractures involving the posterior tibial border. In talus fractures, this prevalence approaches 100%, depending on the severity of the lesion and the time of follow-up. In this context, the current understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in senescence and chondrocyte apoptosis is fundamental. The treatment of ankle OA is staged and guided by the classification systems and local and patient conditions. The main problems are the limited ability to regenerate articular cartilage, low blood supply, and a shortage of progenitor stem cells. The present update summarizes recent scientific evidence of post-traumatic ankle OA with a major focus on changes of the synovia, cartilage and synovial fluid; as well as the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, treatment options and potential targets for therapeutic agents.

Resumo A osteoartrite (OA) é caracterizada por uma degradação crônica, progressiva e irreversível da superfície articular, associada a inflamação articular. A principal etiologia da OA do tornozelo é pós-traumática e sua prevalência é maior entre os jovens e obesos. Apesar dos avanços no tratamento das fraturas ao redor do tornozelo, o risco geral de desenvolver OA pós-traumática do tornozelo após 20 anos do trauma é de quase 40%; especialmente nas fraturas bimaleolares de Weber tipo B e C e fraturas envolvendo a borda tibial posterior. Nas fraturas do tálus, essa prevalência se aproxima de 100%, dependendo da gravidade da lesão e do tempo de seguimento. Nesse cenário, é fundamental a compreensão atual das vias de sinalização moleculares envolvidas na senescência e apoptose dos condrócitos. O tratamento da OA do tornozelo é estagiado e guiado pelos sistemas de classificação, condições locais e do paciente. Os principais problemas são a limitada capacidade de regeneração da cartilagem articular, o baixo suprimento de sangue e a escassez de células-tronco progenitoras. A presente atualização resume evidências científicas básicas recentes da OA póstraumática do tornozelo, com foco principal nas alterações metabólicas da sinóvia, da cartilagem e do líquido sinovial. Epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, implicações clínicas, e opções de tratamento são também discutidas.

Medial Knee Arthrosis: A Pathology with a Progressive Evolution / Artrose medial do joelho: Uma patologia de evolução progressiva

Abstract Medial arthrosis of the knee is an evolutionary pathology that occurs due to progressive muscle imbalance. The muscles of the knee region have a large imbalance caused by the difference of power and lever arm. With the progression of life, this imbalance manifests itself more importantly, especially due to the loss of muscle strength due to aging. Pathological postures begin to occur and determine areas of support and pressure harmful to the joint. Meniscal injury is typical in the evolution of this pathology, as well as cartilage injury. The recognition of this pathology enables good results with less aggressive treatments, such as correction of muscle imbalance and consequent reeducation of joint support. Economic and partial meniscectomy brings good results in the early stages of the degenerative process. Progressive evolution leads to knee degeneration and the consequent need for broader surgeries.

Resumo A artrose medial do joelho é uma patologia evolutiva que ocorre em decorrência de desequilíbrio muscular progressivo. Os músculos da região do joelho têm um grande desequilíbrio, provocado pela diferença de potência e braço de alavanca. Com a progressão da vida, este desequilíbrio se manifesta de forma mais importante, especialmente em decorrência da perda de força muscular em função do envelhecimento. Posturas patológicas passam a ocorrer e determinar zonas de apoio e pressão lesivas para a articulação. A lesão meniscal é típica na evolução desta patologia, assim como a lesão da cartilagem. O reconhecimento desta patologia possibilita resultados bons com tratamentos menos agressivos, como a correção do desequilíbrio muscular e consequente reeducação do apoio da articulação. A meniscectomia econômica e parcial traz bons resultados nas fases iniciais do processo degenerativo. A evolução progressiva leva à degeneração do joelho e à consequente necessidade de cirurgias mais amplas.

Ozonoterapia rectal en pacientes con osteoartritis / Rectal ozone therapy in patients with osteoarthritis

Introducción: La osteoartritis es una de las principales causas de dolor y discapacidad en el mundo. La ozonoterapia actúa como medio terapéutico, mejora la calidad del cartílago articular, disminuye la inflamación producida y presenta propiedades moduladoras del sistema inmune. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la ozonoterapia rectal en pacientes con osteoartritis. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el Servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Iñiguez Landín, de Holguín en el período comprendido de julio de 2017 a febrero de 2019. La población del estudio quedó conformada por 101 pacientes. La muestra fue de 60 pacientes, seleccionada según un muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: La articulación más afectada fue la rodilla en 100 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados. El mayor número de pacientes presentaba discapacidad física moderada (53,3 por ciento) al inicio del tratamiento y a los 3 meses predominó la discapacidad ligera (26,6 (por ciento). Se logra reducir el uso de analgésicos de forma ocasional al concluir tratamiento. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con discapacidad funcional por osteoartritis tratados con ozonoterapia transrectal el efecto terapéutico fue muy bueno(AU)

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is one of the main causes of pain and disability worldwide. Ozone therapy acts as a therapeutic means, improves the quality of articular cartilage, reduces the resulting inflammation and has modulating properties of the immune system. Objective: To evaluate the results of rectal ozone therapy in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: A prospective descriptive study was carried out in the Rheumatology Service of Lucía Iñiguez Landín Surgical Clinical Hospital, in Holguín from July 2017 to February 2019. One hundred one patients consisted the study population. Sixty patients formed the sample, selected according to a simple random sampling. Results: The most affected joint was the knee in 100 percent of the studied patients. The highest number of patients had moderate physical disability (53.3 percent) at the start of treatment and at 3 months later, mild disability predominated (26.6 percent). It was possible to reduce the use of pain relievers occasionally at the end of treatment. Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of transrectal ozone therapy was very good in patients with functional disability due to osteoarthritis(AU)

Matriz de recomendações para farmacoterapia da osteoporose e da osteoartrite: recurso para subsidiar a adaptação de guias de prática clínica / Matrix of recommendations for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis pharmacotherapy: A resource to subsidize the adaptation process of clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

A osteoporose e a osteoartrite são doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), multifatoriais, de longa duração e que tem na idade um fator agravante. Não possuem cura, somente tratamentos não farmacológicos e farmacológicos para amenizar suas consequências. Para auxiliar os profissionais na assistência desses pacientes, são elaborados guias de prática clínica (GPC), que precisam ser preparados respeitando preceitos de alto rigor científico e para tanto, requerem tempo, suporte financeiro e participação de equipe multiprofissional. Uma opção é a adaptação desses documentos a partir de documentos existentes. Este trabalho teve como o objetivo criar matrizes de recomendações baseadas em GPC de alta qualidade. Para a elaboração das matrizes, utilizou-se as duas primeiras fases do método ADAPTE: Configuração e Adaptação. A fase de Configuração foi planejada e registrada pelo grupo de pesquisa Chronic Diseases and Informed Decisions (CHRONIDE), Brasil, no Próspero. Para a fase de Adaptação, realizou-se uma busca sistemática, utilizando os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: documentos que continham recomendações para o tratamento farmacológico da osteoporose (OP) e da osteoartrite (OA) em atenção primária, publicados em português, espanhol ou inglês e publicados no período de 01/2011 a 12/2016, todas as etapas do processo foram avaliadas por três avaliadores de forma independente. Foram encontrados 43 GPC de OP e 23 GPC de OA, analisados quanto à qualidade por meio do instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II), sendo considerados de alta qualidade os GPC que apresentaram 60% ou mais no domínio 3. Apenas 10 GPC de OP e 07 GPC de OA considerados de alta qualidade, foram utilizados para a elaboração das matrizes das duas doenças. A matriz para OP permitiu evidenciar que a alternativa mais sugerida de tratamento são os bifosfonatos e para OA, os antiinflamatórios não esteroidias (AINEs), especialmente o acetaminofeno. Os achados também mostraram que a maioria dos GPC apresentou limitações, principalmente, quanto à qualidade, implementação, participação de outros profissionais, assim como de pacientes, e independência editorial, indicando a necessidade de aprimoramento no momento da elaboração, adoção ou adaptação dos GPC. Todavia, foi possível identificar GPC de alta qualidade suficientes para elaborar as duas matrizes, o que pode subsidiar possíveis elaborações de futuros protocolos locais e cuidados aos pacientes

Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), i.e., multifactorial, long-lasting and with age as an aggravating factor. None has cure, and only non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments to mitigate their effects. In order to support health professionals in terms of the best treatments for both diseases, Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) contains recommendations that must be elaborated with high methodological rigor, requiring time, financial support and multiprofessional team. An option is to adapt existing CPG that have been rigorously developed. This study aimed to create a matrix of recommendations based on high quality CPG. The ADAPTE process was used, but only the first two phases: Configuration and Adaptation. The Configuration phase was planned and registered by the Chronic Diseases and Informed Decisions group (CHRONIDE), Brazil, in PROSPERO. For the Adaptation phase, a systematic search was performed using the following eligibility criteria: documents that contained recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of OP and OA in primary care, published in Portuguese, Spanish or English, from 01/01/2011 to 12/31/2016, all stages of the processes were assessed by three independent reviewers. 43 CPG OP and 23 CPG of OA were retrieved and had their quality assessed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. Only ten CPG for OP treatment, and seven GPC for OA treatment were considered high quality and had their recommendations extracted and synthesized in two separate matrices. Biphosphonates were the most suggested pharmacological treatment for OP and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially acetaminophen, for OA. Findings also showed that the majority of CPG had limitations, mainly regarding their quality, implementation, multiprofessional team, as weel as patients, and editorial independence, indicating the need for improvement. However, the findings made it possible to create two matrices to support future elaboration of local protocols and patient care.

Relation between osteoarthritis and HLA-A in Iraqui patients

Relación entre osteoartritis y HLA - A en pacientes iraquíes. (HLA: acrónimo inglés de antcígenos leucocitarios humanos - Human Leucocyte Antigens). La osteoartritis e la afección más común que involucra el aparato osteo-articular. Representa a un grupo heterogéneo de condiciones resultante de cambios comunes histopatológicos y radiológicos. Existen múltiples factores de riesgo para la osteoartritis: edad, obesidad, y el antígeno genético. El leococitario humano (HLA) como parte del sistema inmune, teniendo un rol en el proceso nosológico. Diversos estudios han determinado la diferente asociación entre la clase HLA - I y la II. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de determinar la eventualidad de una relación entre el HLA-I y el II en la osteocondritis. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten en el artículo.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease. It represents a heterogeneous group of conditions resulting in common histopathologic and radiologic changes. There are multiples risk factors for osteoarthritis includes the following: Age, Obesity and Genetics. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as part of immune system has a role in the disease process. Many reported studies have pointted to different HLA classs I and II association. Aim: To investigate whether there is an association between HLA class II and OA. Patients and methods: A cross sectional comparatives study including patient with primary osteoarthritis attending the department of orthopedic in Al-Kindy teaching hospital Baghdad, Iraq between September 2016-September 2017. Patient's selection was done by the orthopaedics. The HLA-A tuping was performed in HLA research unit at Al-Kindy College of Medicine using PCR-SSO according to the manufacturer instruction using both Amplification and Hybridization kit by Automated method using Autolipa - 48Innogenities-Belgium. The results ewre interepted using LIRAS version 5.0 software innogenetics - Belgium, odds ratio were used to test signifcant differences. Results: Thirty five Iraqi Arab Muslims patients with primary osteoarthritis. The control group was comprised from 75 healtht unrelated sex and age matched volunteers among the staff of Al-Kindey college of medicine that didn't have a history of osteoarthritis. There was an increased frequencies of HLA-A*0101,0202,6802 in patients with osteoarthritis compared with healthy controls (P value=0.001,<0.001,<0.001 respectively)

Infecciones osteoarticulares en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad: epidemiología y características clínicas asociadas con bacteriemia / Osteoarticular infections in a tertiary care children's hospital: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics in association with bacteremia

Introducción. Las infecciones osteoarticulares son una importante causa de morbilidad y pueden presentar bacteriemia. La epidemiología de estas infecciones se ha modificado en los últimos años. Objetivos. Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños con infecciones osteoarticulares y comparar los pacientes con bacteriemia con los que no la presentaron. Población y métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años, admitidos en el Hospital Juan P. Garrahan entre el 1/1/2016 y el 31/12/2016 con sospecha de infecciones osteoarticulares en quienes se hubiese realizado artrocentesis y/o biopsia articular. Se excluyeron niños con patología previa. Se compararon las características clínicas y de laboratorio según tuvieran bacteriemia o no. Se utilizó Stata 10. Resultados. N: 62. La mediana de edad fue 59.5 meses (rango intercuartilo -RIC- 24-84). Presentaron fiebre 44 pacientes (70%). Predominaron las artritis (54 pacientes, 87%). Se identificó un agente etiológico en 29 pacientes (47%). Predominó Staphylococcus aureus (n: 20, 32%). Tuvieron bacteriemia 15 de ellos (24%). Recibieron clindamicina como tratamiento empírico 56 pacientes (90%). La mediana de tratamiento endovenoso fue 7 días (RIC 5-11) y de internación, 7 días (RIC 4-12). Los pacientes con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad (26 meses vs. 60, p < 0,05), mayor valor de proteína C reactiva inicial (101 vs. 33 U/L, p < 0,05), menor valor de hemoglobina al ingresar (10,8 g/dl vs. 12.5 g/dl, p 0,04) y mayor frecuencia de fiebre (100% vs. 57%, p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Predominó Staphylococcus aureus. Los niños con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad, mayor valor de proteína C reactiva, menos hemoglobina al ingresar y, más frecuentemente, fiebre.

Introduction. Osteoarticular infections are an important cause of morbidity and may present with bacteremia. The epidemiology has changed in recent years. Objectives. To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of children with osteoarticular infections and compare patients with and without bacteremia. Population and methods. Retrospective cohort. Patients younger than 18 years admitted between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2016 suspected of osteoarticular infections who had undergone an arthrocentesis and/or joint biopsy were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without bacteremia. The Stata 10 software was used.Results. N: 62. Patients' median age was 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24-84). Fever developed in 44 patients (70%). Arthritis predominated (54 patients, 87%). An etiologic agent was identified in 29 patients (47%). Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent (n: 20, 32%). Among these, 15 developed bacteremia (24%). Clindamycin was administered to 56 patients (90%) as empirical therapy. The median intravenous treatment duration was 7 days (IQR: 5-11) and the median length of stay, 7 days (IQR: 4-12). Patients with bacteremia were younger (26 months versus 60 months, p < 0.05), had a higher baseline C-reactive protein level (101 U/L versus 33 U/L, p < 0.05), a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission (10.8 g/dL versus 12.5 g/dL, p = 0.04), and a higher frequency of fever (100% versus 57%, p < 0.05).Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent. Children with bacteremia were younger, had a higher C-reactive protein level, a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission, and 100% presented fever

Open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy in acute appendicitis: results of a district general hospital

Background:Despite multiple studies comparing the two methods, the real advantages of laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) compared to open appendicectomy (OA) are still unclear. Purpose of the current study was to compare the results between the two techniques in a district general hospital.Methods:The electronic records of all patients who underwent OA or LA in a one year period were reviewed retrospectively. The comparative data points assessed included age, gender, overall complications, length of stay and Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications, including the rates of the main types of complications. Results:300 patients were included in the study. 166 patients underwent OA and 134 patients LA. Postoperative complications were documented in 26 patients (8.7%). LA was employed predominantly in female patients (p = 0.004) and in older patients (p = 0.0015) and was associated with significantly more negative appendicectomies than OA (p = 0.002). No statistically significant difference was noted with regards to the length of hospital stay (p = 0.577), overall postoperative morbidity (p = 0.543) and grading of complications (p = 0.460). Finally, following comparison of the incidence of specific types of complications, only wound infections were significantly different, in favour of LA.Conclusions:LA is safe and effective, however, besides the lower incidence of wound sepsis, demonstrates no clear advantage over OA. The selection between OA and LA should thus be tailored to the clinical scenario and the surgeon's preference

Avaliação funcional de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho utilizando implantes com estabilização posterior e implantes bloqueados / Functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty using cruciate-substituing implants and hinged implants

A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) é uma das cirurgias ortopédicas eletivas mais realizadas no mundo e é o procedimento de escolha para o tratamento de pacientes nos estágios finais de osteoartrite. Os implantes são divididos segundo o grau de estabilidade em sem bloqueio, com bloqueio parcial e implantes bloqueados. Os implantes bloqueados são reservados para os pacientes com insuficiência ligamentar grave do joelho. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a função e a força do joelho entre pacientes submetidos à ATJ utilizando implantes bloqueados e aqueles que utilizaram implantes com estabilização posterior (sem bloqueio). A função foi avaliada através do questionário da sociedade do joelho (KSS) e a força foi avaliada através do pico de torque da musculatura extensora e flexora no teste isocinético. Os pacientes que utilizaram implantes bloqueados foram também subdivididos segundo o procedimento cirúrgico em artroplastias primárias e artroplastias de revisão (séptica ou asséptica). Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão permaneceram no estudo 24 pacientes (25 ATJ) que utilizaram prótese bloqueada e 19 pacientes (26 ATJ) que realizaram ATJ primária utilizando implante com estabilização posterior sem bloqueio (grupo controle). Não houve diferença em relação à idade, peso, altura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e distribuição de sexo entre os dois grupos. O subgrupo de pacientes que realizaram revisão séptica e utilizou implante bloqueado tinha IMC maior do que o subgrupo revisão asséptica. Não houve diferença em relação à pontuação do KSS, função, força isocinética, dor e arco de movimento entre os grupos prótese bloqueada e controle. Também não foi observada diferença entre os subgrupos que utilizaram prótese bloqueada na pontuação do KSS, dor, arco de movimento e pico de torque extensor. Dos parâmetros avaliados, apenas a mediana do pico de torque flexor do subgrupo revisão séptica (0,24 Nm/kg) foi menor do que a do subgrupo ATJ primária (0,65 Nm/kg) (p < 0,05). Concluímos que o uso de implantes bloqueados promove função e força comparáveis a dos pacientes que realizaram artroplastia primária utilizando implantes com estabilização posterior, sem comprometer o arco de movimento e o nível de dor. No entanto, quando utilizado em revisão séptica, ocorre perda da força da musculatura flexora quando comparada a ATJ primária com implante bloqueado. Por fim, são necessários estudos complementares com um grupo maior de pacientes a fim de avaliar com maior precisão o desempenho funcional dos subgrupos de pacientes que utilizaram implantes bloqueados na substituição da articulação do joelho

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most widely performed elective orthopedic surgery in the world and is the procedure of choice for the treatment of patients in the end stages of osteoarthritis. The implants can be classified according to the levels of constraint in unconstrained, with varus-valgus constrained implant and hinged implants. Hinged implants are reserved for patients with severe knee ligament insufficiency. The aim of the present study was to compare the function and strength of the knee between patients submitted to TKA using hinged implants with patients treated with cruciate-substituting implants (unconstrained). The function was evaluated through the knee society score (KSS) and the strength was evaluated through the peak torque of the extensor and flexor muscles in the isokinetic test. Patients of hinged group were also subdivided according to the surgical procedure in primary arthroplasty and revision arthroplasty (septic or aseptic). After applying the exclusion criteria, 24 patients (25 TKA) who used a hinged prosthesis and 19 patients (26 TKA) who underwent primary TKA using cruciate-substituting implant (control group) remained in the study. There was no difference on age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and gender distribution between the two groups. The hinge subgroup of patients who underwent septic revision had a higher BMI than the aseptic revision hinge subgroup. There was no difference on the KSS score, function, isokinetic strength, pain and range of motion between the hinged prosthesis and the control group. Also, no difference was observed between the subgroups that used a hinged prosthesis in the KSS score, pain, range of motion and peak of extensor torque. Only the median peak flexor torque of the septic revision subgroup (0.24 Nm / kg) was lower than that of the primary ATJ subgroup (0.65 Nm / kg) (p

Metabolomics as a promising tool for early osteoarthritis diagnosis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of disability worldwide, due to progressive articular cartilage loss and degeneration. According to recent research, OA is more than just a degenerative disease due to some metabolic components associated to its pathogenesis. However, no biomarker has been identified to detect this disease at early stages or to track its development. Metabolomics is an emerging field and has the potential to detect many metabolites in a single spectrum using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques or mass spectrometry (MS). NMR is a reproducible and reliable non-destructive analytical method. On the other hand, MS has a lower detection limit and is more destructive, but it is more sensitive. NMR and MS are useful for biological fluids, such as urine, blood plasma, serum, or synovial fluid, and have been used for metabolic profiling in dogs, mice, sheep, and humans. Thus, many metabolites have been listed as possibly associated to OA pathogenesis. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the studies in animal models and humans, regarding the use of metabolomics as a tool for early osteoarthritis diagnosis. The concept of osteoarthritis as a metabolic disease and the importance of detecting a biomarker for its early diagnosis are highlighted. Then, some studies in plasma and synovial tissues are shown, and finally the application of metabolomics in the evaluation of synovial fluid is described.

Interposition of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament into the Medial Compartment of the Knee Joint on Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the overall prevalence and clinical significance of interposition of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) into the medial compartment of the knee joint in coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 317 consecutive patients referred for knee MRI at our institution between October 2009 and December 2009. Interposition of the PCL into the medial compartment of the knee joint on proton coronal MRI was evaluated dichotomously (i.e., present or absent). We analyzed the interposition according to its prevalence as well as its relationship with right-left sidedness, gender, age, and disease categories (osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and medial meniscus tear). RESULTS: Prevalence of interposition of PCL into the medial compartment of the knee joint was 47.0% (149/317). There was no right (50.0%, 83/166) to left (43.7%, 66/151) or male (50.3%, 87/173) to female (43.1%, 62/144) differences in the prevalence. There was no significant association between the prevalence and age, or the disease categories. CONCLUSION: Interposition of the PCL into the medial compartment of the knee joint is observed in almost half of patients on proton coronal MRI of the knee. Its presence is not associated with any particular factors including knee pathology and may be regarded as a normal MR finding.

Pinzamiento femoroacetabular, causa de dolor en la cadera en el adulto joven / Femoroacetabular impingement causing hip pain in young adults / Le pincement fémoro-acétabulaire à l'origine de la douleur aux hanches chez le sujet jeune

El dolor de la cadera en adultos ha sido tradicionalmente asociado con osteoartritis en dicha articulación. Sin embargo, vemos a muchos pacientes jóvenes con dolor en la cadera, sin artritis, en nuestras consultas. Recientemente, un anormal contacto entre el acetábulo y la unión de cabeza-cuello femoral, conocido como síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular se ha reconocido como una causa preartrítica relativamente común de estos síntomas. Se realizó una amplia revisión bibliográfica con la finalidad de conocer la incidencia de pinzamiento femoroacetabular reportada en la literatura internacional así como todo lo relacionado con el diagnóstico clínico-radiológico y el tratamiento de esta afección. El pinzamiento femoroacetabular es una de las principales causas de dolor en la cadera del adulto joven así como de osteoartritis; la artroscopia de cadera va tomando un papel cada vez más preponderante en el tratamiento de esta afección.

Hip pain in adults has traditionally been associated with osteoarthritis in that joint. However, in our consultations we see many young patients with hip pain, with no arthritis. Recently, an abnormal contact between the acetabulum and the femoral head-neck union, known as femoroacetabular impingement syndrome has been recognized as a relatively common pre-arthritis cause of these symptoms. An extensive literature review was conducted in order to determine the incidence of femoroacetabular impingement reported in international literature and all related to the clinical and radiological diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Femoroacetabular impingement is a major cause of hip pain in adult and osteoarthritis; hip arthroscopy is taking an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of this condition.

Chez les adultes, la douleur de hanche a été d’habitude associée à une ostéoarthrite de cette dite articulation. Néanmoins, on peut voir dans nos cabinets pas mal de jeunes patients souffrant d’une douleur de hanche, sans arthrite. Un contact anormal entre l’acétabulum et la jonction tête et col du fémur, aussi appelé conflit fémoro-acétabulaire, a été récemment décrit comme une cause pré-arthritique relativement commune de ces symptômes. Une large analyse bibliographique a été réalisée afin de connaître l’incidence du conflit fémoro-acétabulaire rapportée dans la littérature internationale, ainsi que tout ce qui est en relation avec le diagnostic clinique et radiologique et le traitement de ce trouble. Le pincement fémoro-acétabulaire est l’une des principales causes de douleur de hanche, ainsi que d’ostéoarthrite, chez le sujet jeune; l’arthroscopie joue un rôle de plus en plus prépondérant dans le traitement de cette affection.

Avaliação da magnitude da desvantagem da osteoartrite na vida das pessoas: estudo MOVES / Assessing the magnitude of osteoarthritis disadvantage on people's lives: the MOVES study

Introdução A osteoartrite (OA) é uma das dez doenças mais incapacitantes nos países desenvolvidos e uma das principais causas de dor e incapacitação no mundo. O diagnóstico precoce aumenta a probabilidade de prevenção da progressão da doença. Objetivos Estimar a prevalência de osteoartrite auto-referida e a qualidade de vida em adultos portugueses com 45 ou mais anos de idade. Métodos Estudo observacional, transversal, implementado em domicílios por entrevista interpessoal. Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 1039 indivíduos com idade média de 62 anos, sendo 54,2% do gênero feminino. A prevalência de osteoartrite auto-referida foi de 9,9%. Os joelhos e as mãos foram o local mais freqüente da doença. A prevalência de OA foi maior em mulheres e em participantes sem atividade profissional. A presença de OA foi maior em participantes com comorbidades. A maioria dos indivíduos já tinham passado por algum tratamento em alguma ocasião de suas vidas para esta doença: 94,5% tiveram tratamento farmacológico, 49,5% fisioterapia, e 19,8% atividade física. A dor estava associada com a estatura, com alguns locais da doença, especificamente pescoço, coluna lombar e ombros, pontuação do SF12 para qualidade de vida, e medidas de impacto no cotidiano dos participantes, gravidade da doença e incapacitação. O impacto da OA no dia-a-dia foi maior em indivíduos que tinham gozado licença por doença ou que pararam de trabalhar por causa da OA, apresentavam-se com pior saúde física e mental, e exibiam maior gravidade da doença. Conclusão Este estudo confirmou que a osteoartrite é uma doença muito relevante, com impacto potencial elevado na qualidade de vida, no funcionamento e na capacidade para o trabalho e, por causa de sua prevalência, exerce um impacto social muito elevado e crescente. .

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the ten most disabling diseases in developed countries and one of the leading causes of pain and disability over the world. Early diagnosis increases the likelihood of preventing disease progression. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of self-reported osteoarthritis and quality of life in Portuguese adults with 45 or more years old. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study, implemented in households by face-to-face interview. Results 1039 subjects with mean age of 62 years and 54.2% female were included. The prevalence of self-reported osteoarthritis was 9.9%. Knees and hands were the most frequent site of disease. The prevalence of OA was higher in women and in participants without professional activity. Presence of OA was higher in participants with comorbidities. Most subjects have done some treatment at some point in time for this disease: 94.5% had drug therapy, 49.5% physiotherapy, and 19.8% physical activity. Pain was associated with height, with some disease locations specifically neck, lower spine and shoulders, SF12 scores of quality of life, and measurements of impact in daily living, severity of disease and disability. The impact of OA in daily living was greater in subjects that had been on sick leave or stopped working due to OA, had worse physical and mental health, and with more severe of disease. Conclusion This study confirmed that osteoarthritis is a very relevant disease with a high potential impact on quality of life, function and work ability and because of its prevalence with a very high growing social impact. .

Evaluation of the effect of D-002, a mixture of beeswax alcohols, on osteoarthritis symptoms

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms but cause adverse effects. D-002, a mixture of beeswax alcohols, is effective against experimental OA. A pilot study found that D-002 (50 mg/day) for 8 weeks improves OA symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of D-002 (50 to 100 mg/day) administered for 6 weeks on OA symptoms. METHODS: Patients with OA symptoms were double-blindly randomized to D-002 (50 mg) or placebo for 6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Individual Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Patients without symptom improvement at week 3 were titrated to two daily tablets. The primary outcome was the total WOMAC score. WOMAC pain, joint stiffness and physical function scores, VAS score, and use of rescue medications were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: All randomized patients (n = 60) completed the study, and 23 experienced dose titration (two in the D-002 and 21 in the placebo groups). At study completion, D-002 reduced total WOMAC (65.4%), pain (54.9%), joint stiffness (76.8%), and physical function (66.9%) WOMAC scores, and the VAS score (46.8%) versus placebo. These reductions were significant beginning in the second week, and became enhanced during the trial. The use of rescue medication by the D-002 (6/30) group was lower than that in the placebo (17/30) group. The treatment was well tolerated. Seven patients (two in the D-002 and five in the placebo group) reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that D-002 (50 to 100 mg/day) for 6 weeks ameliorated arthritic symptoms and was well tolerated.

Manifestaciones óseas de las enfermedades degenerativas de la articulación temporomandibular disfuncionada estudio tomográfico / Bone manifestations of degenerative diseases in temporomandibular joint with internal derangements tomography study

El objetivo del presente estudio retrospectivo fue determinar el tipo y frecuencia de las alteraciones óseas degenerativas en la Articulaciones Temporo-Mandibulares (ATM) de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de Trastorno Temporomandibular (TTM) por medio de Tomografía Computarizada (TAC). Se reclutaron 180 pacientes consecutivos que clínicamente presentan TTM de las ATM. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: pacientes menores de 16 años, pacientes mayores de 65 años, pacientes portadores de prótesis dentarias removibles, enfermedades sistémicas como artritis por microcristales de ácido úrico, osteoartrosis sistémica, hiperlaxitud-ligamentaria, malformaciones anatómicas, enfermedades quísticas, tumorales, historia de trauma o cirugía de las ATM. Todos los pacientes fueron examinados por medio de TAC. Los estudios imagenológicos de las ATM formaron los siguientes seis Grupos: A: Aplanamiento de Vertiente anterior de Cóndilo; B: Aplanamiento de Apófisis transversa del temporal; C: Erosiones e irregularidades de las corticales de las superficies óseas Funcionales; D: Osteofitos; E: Quístes Subcondrales; F: Resorción Condilar Progresiva. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente por medio del programa SPSS v15.0. Total de ATM examinadas: n=360; Total de ATM con alteraciones degenerativas: n=192(53,3%); Aplanamiento condilar n=169(88%); Aplanamiento de la apófisis transversa del temporal n=84(43%); Erosiones corticales: n=98(51%); Osteofitos: n=11(5,7%); Quistes Subcondrales n=35(18,2%) y Resorción Condilar Progresiva n=3(1,5%). Las alteraciones óseas de mayor frecuencia en la ATM disfuncionada fueron: Aplanamiento de ápex condilar, erosiones y aplanamiento de Apófisis transversa del temporal en orden decreciente. Menores manifestaciones fueron Quistes subcondrales, Osteofitos y Resorción Condilar Progresiva.

The objective of the present study was to determine frequency of bone degeneratives diseases in the Temporo Mandibular joint, clinically diagnosed as Temporo Mandibular Disorders (TMD), by CT scan, before treatment. Were recruited 180 consecutives patients that clinically presented TMD. They were examined by CT scan. The exclusion criteria were: patients below 16 years and above 65 years of age, patients using removable dental prosthetics, patients that presented systemic disease such as Gout Disease, Osteoarthrosis and hypermobility, anatomic structural alterations, Cyst or Tumour disease and TMJ surgery. The TMJ images studies formed the following six groups: A: Flattened of condyle apex; B: Flattened of protuberance of the Temporal Bone; C: Erosions and irregularities of cortical bone in functional area; D: Osteophytes; Sub-chondral Cysts; E: Progressive Condyle Reabsorption. Data were analyzed by SPSS v15.0 software. Total Examined TMJ: n=360; Degenerative Bone Disease manifestations in TMJ: 192 (53,3%); Flattened of functional area of mandibular condyle n=169 (88%); Flattened of temporal Bone n=84 (43%); Erosions and irregularities of cortical bone: n=98 (51%); Osteophytes: n=11 (5,7%); Subchondral cysts: n=35 (18,2%) and Progressive Condyle Reabsorption n=3 (1,5%). The most frequent bone alterations in DTM were: Flattened of apex condyle, cortical erosions and irregularities and temporal bone flattened. Lower manifestations were subchondral cysts, osteophytes and avascular necrosis, when DTM are studied by CT scan.

Características de las infecciones osteoarticulares por Staphylococcus aureus en niños hospitalizados. Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, 2009-2012 / Features osteoarticular infections by Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized children. Pediatric Wing at the Pereira Rossell Hospital 2009-2012

Introducción :las infecciones osteoarticulares (IO) presentan elevada morbilidad. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) es la etiología más frecuente. La emergencia de cepas meticilino resistente de origen comunitario (SAMR-AC) representa un problema. En 2008 se comunica la primera serie nacional sobre etiología de las IO en niños. Objetivo: describir formas de presentación, tratamiento y evolución de IO por SA en niños hospitalizados en el Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR) entre 2009 y 2012. Material y métodos: se identificaron muestras bacteriológicas con sospecha de IO en el Laboratoriode Bacteriología del HP-CHPR. Se incluyeron punciones óseas y articulares. Se analizaron características epidemiológicas, exámenes complementarios, tratamientos y evolución. Resultados: 283 muestras bacteriológicas. En 92 (32,5%) se identificó germen, 53 (63%) SA. Se analizaron 45: 38 S. aureus meticilino sensible (SAMS)y 7 SAMR-AC. Edad media 7,7 años. 34 (75,5 %) en miembros inferiores. 12 (27%) leucocitosis >15. 000 elementos/mm3, 30(67%) proteína C reactiva(PCR)>20mg/dL. Tratamiento empírico inicial 27 niños clindamicina + gentamicina. Las infecciones por SAMR-AC fueron más graves: focos múltiples (n=1),trombosis venosa profunda (n=2), shock sépticos (n=2), drenaje quirúrgico (3,7/niño). Estadía hospitalaria mayor (media 19,5 versus 15,2 días),requirieron más cuidado intensivo (5,2 versus 0,13 días) y uno falleció. Discusión: el porcentaje de aislamientos fue similar al comunicado en la literatura. A pesar de que SA sigue siendo el más frecuente, en nuestra serie SAMR-AC ha disminuido pero continua siendo virulento. Se debe tener alta sospecha para diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno.

Introduction: osteoarticular infections (OAIs) have ahigh morbidity. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is themost frequent etiology. The emergence ofcommunity-associated methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA)strains represents a problem. In 2008, the first nationalseries on the etiology of OAIs in children iscommunicated.Objective: describe the clinical presentations,treatment and evolution of the OAIs for SA in childrenhospitalized in the Hospital Pediátrico [PediatricHospital] of the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell[Pereira Rossell Hospital Center] (HP-CHPR) between2009 and 2012.Materials and methods: bacteriological samples withsuspect OAI were identified at the bacteriologyLaboratory of the HP-CHPR. Lumbar and intra-articularpunctures were included. Epidemiologicalcharacteristics, complementary tests, treatments andevolution were analyzed.Results: 283 bacteriological samples. In 92 (32,5%)the germ was identified, 53 (63%) SA. 45 wereanalyzed: 38 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA),and 7 CA-MRSA. Average age: 7.7 years. 34 (75.5%) inlower limbs. 12 (27%) leukocytosis>15.000 cell/mm3,30 (67%) CRP >20 mg/dL. Initial empiric therapy 27children clindamycin + gentamicin. The CA-MRSAinfections were more serious: multiple foci (n=1),deep venous thrombosis (n=2), septic shocks (n=2),surgical drainage (3,7/child)...

Osteoartrite: avaliação clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes idosos em instituição de longa permanência / Osteoarthritis: clinical and epidemiological assessment of elderly patients in institution of long-stay

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A osteoartrite (OA) constitui-se na doença que mais afeta a população mundial levando à diminuição da qualidade de vida. Acomete principalmente os joelhos, quadris e mãos, além de ser responsável por inúmeras cirurgias em população cujo risco cirúrgico é muito elevado - os idosos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar clinicamente e epidemiologicamente a osteoartrite nos residentes idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência localizada na cidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2009. MÉTODO: Estudo clínico de corte transversal, realizado em 84 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, residentes da instituição de longa permanência (Casa dos Velhinhos Ondina Lobos). Avaliou-se à presença de osteoartrite nas principais articulações que essa doença acomete através dos critérios clínicos de classificação pelo Colégio Americano de Reumatologia (ACR). Variáveis de identificação dos participantes: sexo, idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e presença de comorbidades foram pesquisados com a finalidade de verificar sua associação com a presença de OA. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se osteoartrite em 36,9% (n = 31) do total dos idosos. Destes, 70,9% (n = 31) eram do sexo feminino. A articulação do joelho foi a mais acometida ocorrendo em 29,7% (n = 25). CONCLUSÃO: O aumento da idade e a presença de OA em todas as articulações observadas nesses residentes, bem como o aumento do IMC e a sua maior incidência, teve associação positiva com o aparecimento de importantes comorbidades em quase todos os residentes com o diagnostico clínico para a doença. Portanto, pela alta ocorrência de osteoartrite na população estudada e a sua relação com idade avançada, excesso de peso e presença de comorbidades que a agravam, atividades de prevenção e a prática de atividades físicas devem ser incentivadas.(AU)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the disease that affects more people worldwide leading to decreased quality of life. It mainly affects the knees, hips and hands, besides being responsible for numerous surgeries in a population whose surgical risk is very high - the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and epidemiologically the OA in elderly residents of a long-stay institution in the city of São Paulo in 2009. METHOD: This was a clinic and cross-sectional study. It was performed in 84 patients aged over 60 years, residents in a long-stay institution named "Casa dos Velhinhos Ondina Lobo". They were evaluated for the presence of osteoarthritis through the clinical criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Variables identifying the participants: gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities were investigated in order to verify the association with OA.RESULTS: The osteoarthritis was present in 36.9% (n = 31) of all patients. Of these, 70.9% (n = 31) were female. The knee joint was the most affected with an incidence of OA of 29.7% (n = 25). CONCLUSION: The increased age as well as increased BMI and higher incidence of OA showed positive association with the appearance of significant comorbidity in almost all residents. Therefore, the high occurrence of osteoarthritis in this population related with age, excess weight and comorbidities that exacerbate the disease, request prevention activities and the practice of physical activities.(AU)

Avaliação radiológica da osteoartrose de joelhos: vista póstero-anterior do túnel ou ântero-posterior com carga em extensão? / Radiological evaluation of osteoarthrosis of the knee: weight bearing posteroanterior tunnel view or weight bearing anteroposterior view in extension?

Objetivo: Verificar se há diferença entre as medidas da fenda articular do joelho nas incidências radiográficas em ântero-posterior (AP), com carga e o joelho totalmente estendido, e a vista póstero-anterior do túnel (VPAT), com carga e joelho flexionado cerca de 30 graus. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados radiologicamente 50 pacientes do sexo feminino, acima de 40 anos, com sintomas clínicos e sinais radiológicos de osteoartrose (OA) nos joelhos, enquadradas nos graus II e III, de acordo com a classificação de Kellgren e Lawrence. As medidas foram feitas por dois ortopedistas cegos entre si que utilizaram um paquímetro digital. Os pontos da fenda articular determinados para medida foram a 10 mm da borda e no ponto médio dos compartimentos medial e lateral. As medidas em ambas as técnicas foram comparadas segundo teste t Student. Resultados: O método AP com carga apresentou médias maiores para as medidas realizadas nos pontos médios do compartimento lateral em ambos os lados. Para todos os demais pontos de medidas, as médias foram inferiores às observadas na incidência vista póstero-anterior do túnel. Conclusões: Não houve diferença estatística nas medições do espaço articular do joelho nas duas incidências, AP e VPAT.